almost always spoken of the battle of Thermopylae , ends with the tagline, perhaps to show that the effort was not wasted Leonidas, the Persian defeat at Plataea. But what happened at Plataea?
After the defeat of the Persian fleet at Salamis, Xerxes I return to Persia, leaving his brother, Mardonius the position of the Greek campaign. This, in 480 BC launched an intense diplomatic campaign seeking the submission of the Greeks, especially Athenians. Autonomous government and privileges offered to those cops who accept the Persian vassal. However, the Greeks rejected the offers, expelled the Persians or die free. Given the stubbornness of their enemies, Mardonio Athens attacked a second time for the second time, destroyed. After that, Athens asked for help to Sparta, and this, although I accept refitted to their interests, knowing the catastrophic consequences of a defeat of Athens, or worse, a peace with the Persians. So, the Greeks recruited men from all regions to meet the most powerful army that had never seen the Persians: 10,000 Spartans, 8,000 Athenians, 3,000 of Megara and the remaining 12,700 of other Greek polis, Tegea, Corinth, Platea, etc ... bringing together nearly 39,000 hoplites to which we must add 70,000 light infantry soldiers, commanded by Pausanias, regent of Sparta and Plistarco young cousin, the son of Leonidas. Mardonius, by contrast, had only 48,000 men, of whom, 23,000 Persians (10,000 of them cavalry), the rest from various parts of the empire, to which must be noted, the presence of 8,000 Greek hoplites of Thebes, Thrace and Macedonia. (Some sources claim that the Persian number was higher, Heterodoto, the figures at 300,000, and some historians came to believe that 80,000 men) As shown, the Persians were inferior in number, but Mardonio hoped to take his cavalry tip the balance, on the contrary, the Greeks were not accustomed to handling so many troops. Mardonius troops stationed in the vicinity of Platea, in a plain where he hoped his horse to give him a decisive advantage, while the Greeks settled in the forests against the Persians, thus negating the advantage of the cavalry. Half of the light infantry was the center, on the right flank Spartans and Athenians in the left both sides with the rest of the light infantry forces to balance. Initially shipping Mardonio small groups of cavalry to harass the Greeks, testing the effectiveness of cavalry against the heavy infantry in the woods, and above all, to attract the Greeks in the open field. The result was disastrous, losing one of his generals Persian cavalry. I spend a week and no army stepped forward, sabeedores the disadvantages, so the Persians poisoned water wells used both contenders, but while the Persians were about their supply bases and more wells in the rear, the Greeks . To this were added small lots surrounding Persians to the Greeks and attacked the supply caravans. Pausanias, aware of the seriousness of the situation began to withdraw its army. Starting at the center front in the middle of the night, supported by the Spartans, the sides would begin withdrawing at dawn. Realizing the maneuver, Mardonio ordered the attack, the Persians would lead to half of the cavalry troops chasing the center, while its allies would attack to the flanks. When Mardonioo reached the Spartan hoplites, they formed a phalanx, ready to resistive. The archers launched the first attack, but the disciplined Spartans withstood the rain of missiles with their shields and spears, it was the turn of the cavalry, which was rejected by the phalanx and after the failure of this, the infantry was thrown into battle , in the fierce fighting had died Mardonio, which caused the flight of the Persians, outnumbered and without options Spartan overcome resistance. Meanwhile, the rest of the army was still fighting Mardonio against the Athenians and other Greek forces in the plain. The fight was evenly balanced (Thracians and Macedonians were taking a beating "break" that would enable 16,000 of these emerge unscathed from the battle), but when news of the fall of Mardonio reached the ears of the Persian armies, morality broke, causing the flight. This would be the final blow that crumbled the aspirations of Xerxes, the Persians, defeated by sea and by land now did not have enough troops to stop the Greeks, the greater in number and in high spirits, and less to resume the offensive. The Persian empire was never ever a threat to Greek world.
Sources:
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Platea www. Sofiaoriginals.com/abri65platea.htm
www.sofiaoriginals.com/abri67plateay2.htm